Public-private partnership
How public-private partnerships work
A practical guide for international investors and public partners — what PPP is, how it is structured and how PPP projects are presented on EUROBRIDGE, from idea to Investment Commencement.
The basics
What is a public-private partnership?
A PPP is a long-term contract to build, renew or operate public infrastructure or services. The public partner provides the asset and sets the service requirements and rules; the private partner brings finance, expertise and operating experience. Risks and rewards are shared under the contract.
- 1
Long-term contract
Typically 10–30 years, covering design, construction, financing, operation and maintenance.
- 2
Risk allocation
Each risk — construction, demand, availability, regulatory — sits with the party best able to manage it.
- 3
Performance-based payment
The private partner is paid for delivering agreed service levels, through user fees, availability payments or a mix of both.
Why PPP
Benefits for both sides
What each side gains when a project is well prepared.
For public partners
- Deliver infrastructure and services without carrying the full upfront investment
- Transfer construction and operating risks to the private partner
- International expertise and modern technology
- Predictable lifecycle costs and defined service quality
- A way to deliver priority projects a budget could not fund on its own
For investors
- Long-term, contract-based revenue with a public counterparty
- Transparent project preparation, Score and verification
- Defined risk allocation and transfer provisions
- Diversification across sectors and countries
- Co-financing with DFIs, IFIs and grant makers
Forms of PPP
Forms of public-private partnership
Names differ between jurisdictions. These are the forms most commonly used, described in plain language.
Concession
The private partner finances and operates a public asset or service for a fixed term and is paid mainly by user fees.
View projectsDBFO — design, build, finance, operate
The private partner designs, builds, finances and operates the facility, usually in return for availability or service payments.
View projectsDBFOM — incl. maintenance
As DBFO, with the private partner also responsible for long-term maintenance and lifecycle renewal.
View projectsBOT — build, operate, transfer
The private partner builds and operates the asset for an agreed period, then transfers it to the public partner.
View projectsOperation & maintenance (O&M)
The private partner operates and maintains an existing public asset for a fee, without major new investment.
View projectsAvailability payment
The public partner pays regularly for the facility being available at the agreed quality, regardless of usage.
View projectsJoint activity agreement
Partners combine contributions under a contract without creating a new legal entity and share results as agreed.
View projectsJoint venture
Public and private partners establish a joint company to own or operate the asset and share profits and risks.
View projectsLease with investment obligations
The private partner leases a public asset and commits to investing in its renovation or development.
View projectsOther PPP form
Hybrid and tailor-made structures that combine elements of the forms above.
Lifecycle
From idea to operation
A generic sequence that applies in most jurisdictions. Requirements and terminology depend on national law.
- 01
Idea
A public need is identified and a project concept is formulated.
- 02
Efficiency analysis
Technical, financial and legal analysis tests whether PPP delivers better value than traditional procurement.
- 03
Decision to implement PPP
The competent public body decides to proceed with a PPP and approves the key parameters.
- 04
Private partner selection tender
A competitive procedure selects the private partner on transparent terms.
- 05
Contract signing
The PPP contract is signed and financing is closed.
- 06
Implementation
Design and construction (or renovation) are carried out under public monitoring.
- 07
Operation & monitoring
Services are delivered, performance is monitored and the contract runs to completion or transfer.
Payment mechanisms
Who pays the private partner
The payment mechanism determines who carries demand risk and how the project is financed.
User fees
Revenue comes from tariffs and fees paid by users; the private partner carries demand risk.
Availability payments from the public partner
The public partner pays regularly for the availability and quality of the facility or service.
Mixed mechanism
A combination of user fees and public payments shares demand risk between the parties.
Government / local support
Public funds support the project through capital grants, subsidies or guarantees.
What EUROBRIDGE provides
Tools for every stage of a PPP
The platform takes both sides from publication to investment commencement, and every step is logged. The tender for choosing the private partner is run by the public partner under the law — EUROBRIDGE has no influence on its outcome.
Project preparation
A structured project passport, readiness checklist and Score help public partners present the project in a format investors understand.
Visibility to investors
An open, multilingual catalogue in which private, institutional and DFI/IFI investors can see the PPP project.
Deal workflow
Request → NDA → Deal Room → LOI/Term Sheet → Investment Commencement, with a full audit trail.
A visible verification level
Registry checks, sanctions screening, trust badges and L0–L2 levels show how each party has been checked.
Sectors
PPP across all sectors
Select a sector to see the PPP projects on the platform.
- Healthcare & rehabilitation
- Energy
- Transport & roads
- Water & wastewater
- Waste management
- Housing
- Education
- Social infrastructure
- Public buildings
- Urban infrastructure
- Digital infrastructure & IT
- Agriculture & food processing
- Industry & manufacturing
- Logistics & warehousing
- Tourism & leisure
- Commercial real estate
- Sport & culture
- Courts, justice & public safety
Live catalogue
PPP projects on the platform
PPP projects that public partners in several countries have already published on the platform.
No PPP projects have been published yet.
Separate service
Project preparation and support
For PPP projects: help with preparing information materials and documents, and support through the stages of the process on the platform, under a separate agreement. The selection of the private partner is run by the public partner under the law.
Fee: from 1% of the amount raised
What is included
- Preparing the project information card and teaser
- Listing the documents investors need and checking they are complete
- Preparing answers to typical questions (Q&A)
- Organisational support through the stages of the process on the platform
The scope of work, the customer, the fee and how it is paid are set in a separate written agreement.
The platform is not a broker, never holds funds and gives no investment advice; the service does not guarantee that financing will be raised.
Paid services (plans, add-ons, project preparation and support) are provided by Sole proprietor (FOP) Oleksandr Kiian. Invoices are payable within 5 bank business days of the invoice date.
Need help implementing? Professional services
Have a PPP project? Show it to investors
Public partners can register, prepare a project passport and publish after moderation. Investors can start exploring right away.
General information for orientation only; not legal or investment advice. PPP rules and terminology differ between jurisdictions.